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Papers On Fiscal Policy
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Business and Government in Canada
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This is a 3 page paper discussing business and the Government of Canada relations. Historically, the Canadian government maintained a close relationship with businesses within Canada in that for the large part the Canadian government controlled and owned most of the major business sectors within the country such as natural resources, agriculture, and the transport industries to name a few. This ideology led to a nationalization of the country especially prior and during the years of World War II when Prime Minister Mackenzie King provided a great deal of financial investments in the development of business opportunities within Canada. By the second half of the 20th century, Canada had become a social and welfare state which began to take its toll on the economy and government. During the 1970s and 1980s, “downsizing” and the start of privatization of governmental industries began to take place. Today, the relationship between the Canadian government and business has changed significantly. Through financial support and trade policy, the Canadian government provides assistance to businesses which will encourage national and international investment in Canada. These businesses are those which are in high demand in the global market place and are those which are considered innovative, service-oriented, research, technology and knowledge-based in addition to the already established industries.
Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJCanbg1.rtf
Canadian Administrative Reforms: Trends, Improvements and Concerns
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This is a 10 page paper discussing Canadian administrative reforms, concerns and improvements. The Canadian federal government reforms over the past fifty years have shifted a great deal in their initiatives, structures and priorities which have deeply impacted the reforms and initiatives of the provincial and municipal governments as well. The reforms in the 1960s and 1970s in Canada initiated by the Canadian government established an increase in social systems, benefits and an increase in the public sector which allowed for the support of these programs. While no major shift occurred during the 1980s, the recession of the early 1990s and an increasing federal public deficit of over $540 billion led to a great deal of restructuring and shifting of initiatives and resources in the mid to late 1990s. Federal funding was drastically reduced by reforms which led to the decentralization and privatization of programs and industry and an increased responsibility placed on each provincial and territorial government. The provincial governments in turn enacted reforms which led to drastic cuts in education, health care and social programs which are still considered controversial and a major concern today. Recently, governmental reforms have shifted slightly again to highlight business networking, accountability, regulation and e-government in order to increase efficiency and accessibility of governmental services.
Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJCanad1.rtf
Canadian Trade: Global, Local and Inter-Provincial Trade Barriers
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This is a 3 page paper discussing different perceptions and aspects of Canadian trade in regards to municipal, provincial and global levels. Canadian trade varies in regards to its acceptance, perception and policies on the municipal, provincial or global levels. Many World Trade Organization (WTO) Members find that certain restrictive policies and tariffs in Canada present barriers in some markets although the WTO has found that access to the Canadian market is “generally liberal” despite some protectionist measures within the country. Canadian businesses interested in inter-provincial trade have found that the inter-provincial barriers are often too costly and it is more cost efficient to promote trade markets within the U.S. than within Canada itself; barriers which trade boards and chambers of commerce should eliminate in order allow Canadian businesses to prosper within Canada. On the other hand, certain municipalities have found that trade policies related to the GATS agreement have “liberalized” services to such an extent that national and international businesses now challenge local businesses; businesses municipalities wish to shield.
Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJCantr1.rtf
Causes and Effects: Current Government Taxation and Spending
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This 3 page paper discusses current government taxation and spending practices, and argues that money currently going to our huge defense budget, and the billion dollars per week going to Iraq, could be better spent for domestic programs. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVGovSpn.rtf
Comparing and Contrasting the Role of the Market in the Political Theories of Karl Marx and Milton Friedman
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A 5 page paper which examines how the market determines justice and injustice in society, according to Marx and Friedman. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TGmarfri.wps
Comparison and Contrast of Two Articles Discussing the “Medicare + Choice” Program
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This is an 8 page paper comparing two articles which discuss the “Medicare + Choice” program. Two articles pertaining to the “Medicare + Choice” program which was introduced in the Balance Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 assess the intentions, effectiveness and future prospects of the controversial program originally considered as risk-contracting. “As Good as it Gets? The Future of Medicare + Choice” (2002) by Nancy-Ann DeParle discusses the program from its original creation through to its current assessment in 2002. DeParle’s article is the most interesting because of the insider information DeParle can provide in regards to the political process as she was the Head of the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) which was involved administratively from the onset. DeParle offers reasons for the initial intentions of the program, some of the major causes as to why the program has not lived up to expectation and lastly, what hopes and options there are for the program in the future. The second article “Medicare + Choice: Current Role and Near-Term Prospects” (2002) by Kenneth E. Thorpe and Adam Atherly, almost takes over where the DeParle article leaves off. Thorpe and Atherly do not necessarily cover the details as to the background of the program but more so the current state of the program and possible solutions for the future or maintenance of the program. The Thorpe and Atherly article provides a much more comprehensive statistical review of the current program and enrollment in addition to the expected results of any options in regards to the future of the program.
Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJcompa1.rtf
Consumer Spending
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5 pages. A close watch is kept on the differences in spending patterns occurring in by consumers who are in different income classes. The United States Department of Labor watches these patterns in order to compare recent reports to any significant changes that have occurred in past years. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAdelab.rtf
Consumption Tax Or Flat Tax
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This 5 page paper explains what each of these taxes are and the pros and cons of each. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PGtax.rtf
Costs of Rebuilding New Orleans
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A 4 page paper discussing the macroeconomic costs of rebuilding New Orleans in the wake of two record-breaking hurricanes and the floods resulting from levee breaks. The paper suggests that reestablishing the French Quarter as a tourist attraction and giving 10,000 households $100,000 each perhaps could be more beneficial than intense government involvement. Empowering families to make their own decisions about their futures can create and fuel economic activity that government spending cannot, creating a self-sustaining economy rather than a sinkhole for tax dollars. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSnewOrlRebld.rtf
Earned Income Credit
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A 5 page paper which examines various aspects of the earned
income tax credit. Included is a story involving a particular case which illustrates the
conditions of an individual who is eligible for this credit. Also included is a legal
questionnaire that illustrates what is necessary for one to get this credit. It is a very
beneficial program that hurts many more individuals than it ever helps and is a program
that should, by all means, still continue in this country that is so adamant about ridding the
country of welfare. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAeicredit.wps
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